Protocol Comparison

Evaluate encryption standards, metadata policies, and jurisdictional risks across top secure communications applications.

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Application Encryption Protocol Metadata Logging Jurisdiction Open Source Action
chat
Signal
Signal Protocol (X3DH, Double Ratchet) Minimal (Last connect date) USA (Five Eyes) check_circle
forum
Threema
NaCl (Curve25519, XSalsa20) None Switzerland (Non-14 Eyes) check_circle
mail
ProtonMail
OpenPGP (RSA/ECC) Subject Lines, Sender IP (temp) Switzerland (Non-14 Eyes) check_circle
sms
WhatsApp
Signal Protocol (E2EE) Extensive (Contacts, Location, Device) USA (Five Eyes) cancel